توضیحات
مفصل زانوی انسان :
مفصل زانو
زانو بزرگترین مفصل بدن انسان است که ران انسان را به ساق پا متصل میکند .
ساختمان زانو تا حدی ناپایدار است. با این وجود باید کل وزن بدن را هنگام ایستادن تحمل کند و هنگام راه رفتن یا دویدن حتی وزن بیشتری به آن تحمیل میشود،
بنابراین مشکلات زانو از جمله بیماریهای شایع در اکثر سنین است.
مجموعه که در جلوی زانو قرار دارد شامل استخوان کشکک ، زردپی کشککی ، زردپی چهارسر ، ماهیچه های چهار سر ران است .
مفصل زانو و اجزای تشکیل دهنده آن :
استخوانها :
مفصل زانو از 3 استخوان تشکیل شده است .
بالا استخوان ران و پائین استخوان درشت نی و جلو استخوان کشکک
رباطها :
– رباط ها باندهای فیبری هستند که دو استخوان را بهم ارتباط و متصل میکنند.
– زانو دارای 4 رباط میباشد که این چهار رباط استخوان ران را به استخوان درشت نی محکم متصل میکند و پایداری مفصل زانو را تامین میکند.
– رباط های صلیبی قدامی و خلفی سبب پایداری مفصل زانو در حرکات به سمت جلو و عقب و ضربات در جهات مختلف و نیز پایداری مفصل در برابر حرکات چرخشی اعمال شده به زانو را دارد.
– رباط های جانبی داخلی و خارجی که در طرفین زانو قرار دارند هم سبب پایداری مفصل در برابر اعمال نیرو به سمت خارج و داخل زانو میشوند.
تاندون :
تاندون ها عضلات را به استخوان اتصال میدهند.
– تاندون عضله چهار سر رانی (جلوی ران) در پائین در جلوی مفصل زانو به استخوان کشکک اتصال مییابد و ادامه آن در پائین کشکک به استخوان درشت نی اتصال مییابد. عمل عضله چهار سر رانی باز کردن زانو میباشد.
غضروف:
– ساختمان غضروفی زانو منیسک میباشد که در بین دو استخوان درشت نی و ران قرار دارد
بورس :
– بورس یک کیسه کوچک حاوی مایع است که سبب تسهیل حرکات مفصلی میشوند.
– زانو 3 بورس دارد که عبارتند از : کشکک ( جلوی کشکک و زیر پوست ) و زیر کشکک و غازی (Anserine)
توجه: دردی که در زانو احساس میشود میتواند ناشی از درد واقعی زانو باشد یا یک درد ارجاعی از ناحیه کمر ران و یا مچ پا باشد.
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