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مفصل شانه

 

شانه یکی از پیچیده ترین مفاصل بدن است. شانه موجب اتصال اندام فوقانی به تنه است.

شانه از چند لایه تشکیل شده است. عمقی ترین لایه آن استخوان ها و مفاصل آن هستند. لایه دوم بر روی استخوان ها و مفاصل قرار گرفته و همان کپسول مفصلی و تاندون ها هستند که وظیفه آنها کمک به حفظ پایداری مفصل شانه است.

بر روی این لایه دوم لایه سوم قرار گرفته که شامل عضلات و تاندون ها و بورس ها هستند. عروق و اعصاب هم از ساختمان های مهم شانه هستند که در بین عضلات واقع شده اند

آناتومی استخوان بندی شانه

شانه از کنار هم قرار گرفتن سه استخوان درست شده است.

  • استخوان کتف یا اسکاپولا Scapula در طرف پشت

  • قسمت بالایی استخوان بازو یا هومروس Humerus در طرف خارج

  • استخوان ترقوه یا کلاویکل Clavicle در طرف جلو

استخوان کتف

استخوان کتف یا اسکاپولا یک ساختمان پیچیده سه بعدی دارد ولی قسمت اعظم آن بصورت یک صفحه تقریبا تخت استخوانی به شکل مثلت است.

این استخوان در قسمت پشت قفسه سینه قرار گرفته و روی دنده های ۷-۲ را از پشت میپوشاند. بر روی استخوان کتف حدود ۱۷ عضله میچسبند.

 

استخوان کتف
استخوان کتف
استخوان کتف
استخوان کتف

استخوان ترقوه

ترقوه یا کلاویکل استخوانی است به شکل S البته با انحنای کمتر که در جلوی قفسه سینه قرار گرفته است.

این استخوان از طرف داخل با استخوان جناق مفصل میشود و در طرف خارج با زائده آکرومیون از استخوان کتف مفصل آکرومیوکلاویکولر را بوجود میاورد

استخوان ترقوه
استخوان ترقوه
استخوان ترقوه
استخوان ترقوه

استخوان بازو

بازو یا هومروس یک استخوان بلند است. بالاترین قسمت استخوان بازو به شکل گرد و کروی درآمده و به آن سر استخوان بازو میگویند. قسمتی از سر استخوان بازو پوشیده از غضروف است و این قسمت در مجاورت حفره گلنوئید قرار گرفته و با آن مفصل میشود.

بین سر استخوان بازو و جایی که توبروزیته های بزرگ و کوچک قرار گرفته اند را گردن استخوان بازو مینامند.

 

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